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nbsp; <div class="spctrl"> 19。雨泽下注 (下注,向下流)
<div class="spctrl"> 20。先大母婢也,乳二世(乳,喂养)
<div class="spctrl"> 21。余自束发 (束发,表示成童)
<h3 class="headline-2 bk-sidecatalog-title"><span class="headline-content">一词多义</span></h3> 1。始
<div class="spctrl"> 室始洞然 (才,方才,副词)
<div class="spctrl"> 庭中始为篱,已为墙 (起初、先,副词)
<div class="spctrl"> 2。过
<div class="spctrl"> 日过午已昏 (偏过,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 大母过余曰 (访,探望,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 从轩前过(经过动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 3。置
<div class='spctrl'> 顾视无可置者 (放置,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 内外多置小门 (设置,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 4。而
<div class='spctrl'> 余扃牖而居 (助词,表修饰,无义)
<div class='spctrl'> 万籁有声,而庭阶寂寂 (但,表转折,连词)
<div class='spctrl'> 墙往往而是 (连接状语和中心词,相当于“地”也可不译,连词)
<div class='spctrl'> 某所,而母立于兹 (通“尔”你,你的,代词)
<div class='spctrl'> 5。为
<div class='spctrl'> 始为篱,已为墙 (是,扎,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 轩东故尝为厨 (是,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 庭中通南北为一 (是,成为,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 吾从板外相为应答 (作,介词)
<div class='spctrl'> 6。以
<div class='spctrl'> 以当南日 (用来,介词,表目的)
<div class='spctrl'> 能以足音辨人 (凭借、根据,介词)
<div class='spctrl'> 执此以朝 (用如“而”介词)
<div class='spctrl'> 7。谓
<div class='spctrl'> 且何谓阁子也 (叫作,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 妪每谓余曰 (告诉,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 8。一
<div class='spctrl'> 庭中通南北为一 (整体,名词)
<div class='spctrl'> 先妣尝一至 (常来,副词)
<div class='spctrl'> 9。日
<div class='spctrl'> 不能得日 (阳光,名词)
<div class='spctrl'> 日过午已昏 (太阳,名词)
<div class='spctrl'> 一日,大母过余曰 (天,一昼夜,名词)
<div class='spctrl'> 10。先
<div class='spctrl'> 先是,庭中通南北为一 (以前,名词)
<div class='spctrl'> 先大母婢也 (去世的,形容词)
<div class='spctrl'> 11。前
<div class='spctrl'> 前辟四窗 (名词作状语,在前方,行为方向)
<div class='spctrl'> 从轩前过 (前面,形容词)
<div class='spctrl'> 12。之
<div class='spctrl'> 吾妻死之年所手植也(助词,的)
<div class='spctrl'> 他日汝当用之 (代象笏,代词)
<div class='spctrl'> 儿之成 (主谓间取消句子独立性)
<div class='spctrl'> 13。西
<div class='spctrl'> 东犬西吠 (向西边,副词)
<div class='spctrl'> 室西连于中闺 (的西边,形容词)
<div class='spctrl'> 14。得
<div class='spctrl'> 不能得日 (得到,获得,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 得不焚 (能,能够,助动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 15。已
<div class='spctrl'> 日过午已昏 (已经,副词)
<div class='spctrl'> 已为墙 (然后,副词)
<div class='spctrl'> 16。当
<div class='spctrl'> 以当南日 (挡住,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 他日汝当用之 (应当,应该,助动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 17。然
<div class='spctrl'> 室始洞然 (的样子,词尾)
<div class='spctrl'> 然余居于此 (然而,但是,连词)
<div class='spctrl'> 18。书
<div class='spctrl'> 借书满架 (书,书籍,名词)
<div class='spctrl'> 或凭几学书 (写字,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 19。食
<div class='spctrl'> 小鸟时来啄食 (食物,名词)
<div class='spctrl'> 欲食乎 (吃,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 20。大
<div class='spctrl'> 先大母婢也 (大母,指祖母)
<div class='spctrl'> 大类女郎也 (很,非常,副词)
<div class='spctrl'> 21。所
<div class='spctrl'> 某所而母立于兹 (地方,处所,名词)
<div class='spctrl'> 吾妻死之年所手植也 (的,在此指代枇杷树,特殊的指示代词)
<div class='spctrl'> 22。从
<div class='spctrl'> 吾从板外相为应答 (由,自,介词)
<div class='spctrl'> 从余问古事 (向学习,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 23。自
<div class='spctrl'> 余自束发 (从,由,介词)
<div class='spctrl'> 自语曰:“” (自己,代词)
<div class='spctrl'> 24。归
<div class='spctrl'> 吾妻来归 (女子出嫁,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 吾妻归宁 (归,返回,动词。归宁,出嫁的女儿回娘家探望)
<div class='spctrl'> 25。每
<div class='spctrl'> 每移案,顾视无可置者(每逢)
<div class='spctrl'> 妪每谓予曰:“某所,而母立于兹。”(常常)
<div class='spctrl'> 每字有二十余印(每个)
<h3 class='headline-2 bk-sidecatalog-title'><span class='headline-content'>通假字</span></h3> 1。珊珊可爱(“珊珊”通“姗姗” ,美好的样子)
<div class='spctrl'> 2。以当南日(“当”通“挡” )
<div class='spctrl'> 3 而母立于兹(“而”通“尔”)
<div class='spctrl'> 4 以手阖门(“阖”通“合”)
<h3 class='headline-2 bk-sidecatalog-title'><span class='headline-content'>词类活用</span></h3> 1.名词用作动词
<div class='spctrl'> (1)乳二世 (乳,抚养)
<div class='spctrl'> (2)客逾庖而宴 (宴,赴宴)
<div class='spctrl'> (3)执此以朝 (朝,上朝)
<div class='spctrl'> (4)吾家读书久不效 (效,取得效果,此指考取功名)
<div class='spctrl'> (5)或凭几学书 (书,写字)
<div class='spctrl'> 2.名词用作状语
<div class='spctrl'> (1)雨泽下注。使不上漏(下,朝下,上,从上面)
<div class='spctrl'> (2)前辟四窗 (前,指阁子北面,因阁子是向北的)
<div class='spctrl'> (3)又北向 (北,朝北)
<div class='spctrl'> (4)东犬西吠 (西,朝西,行为方向,指西家)
<div class='spctrl'> (5)室西连于中闺(西,在西面)
<div class='spctrl'> (6)吾妻死之年所手植也(手,亲自)
<div class='spctrl'> (7)内外多置小门窗(在内外)
<div class='spctrl'> (8)垣墙周庭(用垣墙)
<div class='spctrl'> (9)时至轩中(不时)
<div class='spctrl'> 3.形容词用作名词
<div class='spctrl'> 多可喜,亦多可悲 (多,许多事)
<div class='spctrl'> 4。 数词用作名词
<div class='spctrl'> 庭中通南北为一 (一,一体,整体)
<h3 class='headline-2 bk-sidecatalog-title'><span class='headline-content'>句式</span></h3> 1。判断句
<div class='spctrl'> 1) 此吾祖太常公宣德执此以朝,他日汝当用之
<div class='spctrl'> 2) 轩东故尝为厨
<div class='spctrl'> 用“也”表示判断。如:
<div class='spctrl'> 3) 项脊轩,旧南阁子也
<div class='spctrl'> 4) 妪,先大母婢也
<div class='spctrl'> 2。省略句
<div class='spctrl'> 下列各句中的括号表示省略了的成分。如:
<div class='spctrl'> 1) ( )又杂植兰桂竹木于庭 (省主语“余”)
<div class='spctrl'> 2) ( )借书满架 (省主语“余”)
<div class='spctrl'> 3) 吾儿,( )久不见若影 (省主语“吾”)
<div class='spctrl'> 4) 使( )不上漏 (省兼语“之”)
<div class='spctrl'> 5) 明月( )半墙 (省谓语“照”)
<div class='spctrl'> 6) 余自束发读书( )轩中 (省介词“于”)
<div class='spctrl'> 7) 垣墙( )周庭 (省介词“于”)
<div class='spctrl'> 3。倒装句
<div class='spctrl'> 介词结构后置。下列各句状语(下划线)放在动词、形容词(粗体)之后。翻译时,一般将状语前移。如:
<div class='spctrl'> 1) 杂植兰桂竹木于庭 (在庭院里种兰桂竹木)
<div class='spctrl'> 2) 家有老妪,尝居于此 (在这里居住)
<div class='spctrl'> 3) 室西连于中闺 (与中闺相连)
<div class='spctrl'> 4) 鸡栖于厅 (在厅里栖息)
<div class='spctrl'> 5) 其制稍异于前 (跟以前不同)
<div class='spctrl'> 4。被动句
<div class='spctrl'> 1)得不焚 意念被动句
<div class='spctrl'> 5。宾语前置
<div class='spctrl'> 令人长号不自禁
nbsp; <div class="spctrl"> 19。雨泽下注 (下注,向下流)
<div class="spctrl"> 20。先大母婢也,乳二世(乳,喂养)
<div class="spctrl"> 21。余自束发 (束发,表示成童)
<h3 class="headline-2 bk-sidecatalog-title"><span class="headline-content">一词多义</span></h3> 1。始
<div class="spctrl"> 室始洞然 (才,方才,副词)
<div class="spctrl"> 庭中始为篱,已为墙 (起初、先,副词)
<div class="spctrl"> 2。过
<div class="spctrl"> 日过午已昏 (偏过,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 大母过余曰 (访,探望,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 从轩前过(经过动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 3。置
<div class='spctrl'> 顾视无可置者 (放置,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 内外多置小门 (设置,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 4。而
<div class='spctrl'> 余扃牖而居 (助词,表修饰,无义)
<div class='spctrl'> 万籁有声,而庭阶寂寂 (但,表转折,连词)
<div class='spctrl'> 墙往往而是 (连接状语和中心词,相当于“地”也可不译,连词)
<div class='spctrl'> 某所,而母立于兹 (通“尔”你,你的,代词)
<div class='spctrl'> 5。为
<div class='spctrl'> 始为篱,已为墙 (是,扎,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 轩东故尝为厨 (是,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 庭中通南北为一 (是,成为,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 吾从板外相为应答 (作,介词)
<div class='spctrl'> 6。以
<div class='spctrl'> 以当南日 (用来,介词,表目的)
<div class='spctrl'> 能以足音辨人 (凭借、根据,介词)
<div class='spctrl'> 执此以朝 (用如“而”介词)
<div class='spctrl'> 7。谓
<div class='spctrl'> 且何谓阁子也 (叫作,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 妪每谓余曰 (告诉,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 8。一
<div class='spctrl'> 庭中通南北为一 (整体,名词)
<div class='spctrl'> 先妣尝一至 (常来,副词)
<div class='spctrl'> 9。日
<div class='spctrl'> 不能得日 (阳光,名词)
<div class='spctrl'> 日过午已昏 (太阳,名词)
<div class='spctrl'> 一日,大母过余曰 (天,一昼夜,名词)
<div class='spctrl'> 10。先
<div class='spctrl'> 先是,庭中通南北为一 (以前,名词)
<div class='spctrl'> 先大母婢也 (去世的,形容词)
<div class='spctrl'> 11。前
<div class='spctrl'> 前辟四窗 (名词作状语,在前方,行为方向)
<div class='spctrl'> 从轩前过 (前面,形容词)
<div class='spctrl'> 12。之
<div class='spctrl'> 吾妻死之年所手植也(助词,的)
<div class='spctrl'> 他日汝当用之 (代象笏,代词)
<div class='spctrl'> 儿之成 (主谓间取消句子独立性)
<div class='spctrl'> 13。西
<div class='spctrl'> 东犬西吠 (向西边,副词)
<div class='spctrl'> 室西连于中闺 (的西边,形容词)
<div class='spctrl'> 14。得
<div class='spctrl'> 不能得日 (得到,获得,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 得不焚 (能,能够,助动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 15。已
<div class='spctrl'> 日过午已昏 (已经,副词)
<div class='spctrl'> 已为墙 (然后,副词)
<div class='spctrl'> 16。当
<div class='spctrl'> 以当南日 (挡住,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 他日汝当用之 (应当,应该,助动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 17。然
<div class='spctrl'> 室始洞然 (的样子,词尾)
<div class='spctrl'> 然余居于此 (然而,但是,连词)
<div class='spctrl'> 18。书
<div class='spctrl'> 借书满架 (书,书籍,名词)
<div class='spctrl'> 或凭几学书 (写字,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 19。食
<div class='spctrl'> 小鸟时来啄食 (食物,名词)
<div class='spctrl'> 欲食乎 (吃,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 20。大
<div class='spctrl'> 先大母婢也 (大母,指祖母)
<div class='spctrl'> 大类女郎也 (很,非常,副词)
<div class='spctrl'> 21。所
<div class='spctrl'> 某所而母立于兹 (地方,处所,名词)
<div class='spctrl'> 吾妻死之年所手植也 (的,在此指代枇杷树,特殊的指示代词)
<div class='spctrl'> 22。从
<div class='spctrl'> 吾从板外相为应答 (由,自,介词)
<div class='spctrl'> 从余问古事 (向学习,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 23。自
<div class='spctrl'> 余自束发 (从,由,介词)
<div class='spctrl'> 自语曰:“” (自己,代词)
<div class='spctrl'> 24。归
<div class='spctrl'> 吾妻来归 (女子出嫁,动词)
<div class='spctrl'> 吾妻归宁 (归,返回,动词。归宁,出嫁的女儿回娘家探望)
<div class='spctrl'> 25。每
<div class='spctrl'> 每移案,顾视无可置者(每逢)
<div class='spctrl'> 妪每谓予曰:“某所,而母立于兹。”(常常)
<div class='spctrl'> 每字有二十余印(每个)
<h3 class='headline-2 bk-sidecatalog-title'><span class='headline-content'>通假字</span></h3> 1。珊珊可爱(“珊珊”通“姗姗” ,美好的样子)
<div class='spctrl'> 2。以当南日(“当”通“挡” )
<div class='spctrl'> 3 而母立于兹(“而”通“尔”)
<div class='spctrl'> 4 以手阖门(“阖”通“合”)
<h3 class='headline-2 bk-sidecatalog-title'><span class='headline-content'>词类活用</span></h3> 1.名词用作动词
<div class='spctrl'> (1)乳二世 (乳,抚养)
<div class='spctrl'> (2)客逾庖而宴 (宴,赴宴)
<div class='spctrl'> (3)执此以朝 (朝,上朝)
<div class='spctrl'> (4)吾家读书久不效 (效,取得效果,此指考取功名)
<div class='spctrl'> (5)或凭几学书 (书,写字)
<div class='spctrl'> 2.名词用作状语
<div class='spctrl'> (1)雨泽下注。使不上漏(下,朝下,上,从上面)
<div class='spctrl'> (2)前辟四窗 (前,指阁子北面,因阁子是向北的)
<div class='spctrl'> (3)又北向 (北,朝北)
<div class='spctrl'> (4)东犬西吠 (西,朝西,行为方向,指西家)
<div class='spctrl'> (5)室西连于中闺(西,在西面)
<div class='spctrl'> (6)吾妻死之年所手植也(手,亲自)
<div class='spctrl'> (7)内外多置小门窗(在内外)
<div class='spctrl'> (8)垣墙周庭(用垣墙)
<div class='spctrl'> (9)时至轩中(不时)
<div class='spctrl'> 3.形容词用作名词
<div class='spctrl'> 多可喜,亦多可悲 (多,许多事)
<div class='spctrl'> 4。 数词用作名词
<div class='spctrl'> 庭中通南北为一 (一,一体,整体)
<h3 class='headline-2 bk-sidecatalog-title'><span class='headline-content'>句式</span></h3> 1。判断句
<div class='spctrl'> 1) 此吾祖太常公宣德执此以朝,他日汝当用之
<div class='spctrl'> 2) 轩东故尝为厨
<div class='spctrl'> 用“也”表示判断。如:
<div class='spctrl'> 3) 项脊轩,旧南阁子也
<div class='spctrl'> 4) 妪,先大母婢也
<div class='spctrl'> 2。省略句
<div class='spctrl'> 下列各句中的括号表示省略了的成分。如:
<div class='spctrl'> 1) ( )又杂植兰桂竹木于庭 (省主语“余”)
<div class='spctrl'> 2) ( )借书满架 (省主语“余”)
<div class='spctrl'> 3) 吾儿,( )久不见若影 (省主语“吾”)
<div class='spctrl'> 4) 使( )不上漏 (省兼语“之”)
<div class='spctrl'> 5) 明月( )半墙 (省谓语“照”)
<div class='spctrl'> 6) 余自束发读书( )轩中 (省介词“于”)
<div class='spctrl'> 7) 垣墙( )周庭 (省介词“于”)
<div class='spctrl'> 3。倒装句
<div class='spctrl'> 介词结构后置。下列各句状语(下划线)放在动词、形容词(粗体)之后。翻译时,一般将状语前移。如:
<div class='spctrl'> 1) 杂植兰桂竹木于庭 (在庭院里种兰桂竹木)
<div class='spctrl'> 2) 家有老妪,尝居于此 (在这里居住)
<div class='spctrl'> 3) 室西连于中闺 (与中闺相连)
<div class='spctrl'> 4) 鸡栖于厅 (在厅里栖息)
<div class='spctrl'> 5) 其制稍异于前 (跟以前不同)
<div class='spctrl'> 4。被动句
<div class='spctrl'> 1)得不焚 意念被动句
<div class='spctrl'> 5。宾语前置
<div class='spctrl'> 令人长号不自禁